WHEN DID THE CURRICULUM CHANGE . . . Part 1 of 3

 . . . AND WHY?

THE ZILBERMAN METHOD

A very interesting article was written about The ZILBERMAN METHOD OF TORAH LEARNING: including TANACH and YISHUV HAARETZ. (the article should be available next week on their website, under https://hamodia.com/frominyan/ )

In the beginning of the 1980s, after having had limited success with incorporating his teaching style in existing institutions, Zilberman founded, with the help of his sons, Yeshivat Aderet Eliyahu, in the northern part of the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem. The school, also known as "Zilberman's Cheder", adopted its founder's method, and became an inspiration for many of his students, who later branched out all over the country founding schools with the same teaching approach.^[1]

The Zilberman Method was not a new innovation, but rather a return to an ancient form of Torah study elucidated in the Mishna and Talmud, and favoured by both the Maharal and the Vilna Gaon. In Pirkei Avos 5 it states, "A 5-year-old [learns] the Torah, a ten-year old [learns] the Mishna, a 15-year-old [learns] the Talmud." In Shabbat 63a it states, "A man should recite, and only later expound." This is in contrast to standard procedure in the Torah world, where intense scrutiny of the text at a relatively young age is favoured over the covering and committing to memory of vast amounts of material. Zilberman also instituted that school sessions be continued on Shabbat and Jewish holidays, albeit at a reduced schedule.^[1]

Zilberman's life work was favoured by Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and the Tchebiner Rav.^[1]

Zilberman kept the practice of donning his tefilin all day, and so encouraged his students. In normative practice, the tefilin are removed after Shacharit.

Zilberman was one of the first rabbis to promote the usage of tekhelet, and encouraged his students and family to make use of the dye in their tzitzit.^[2] He encouraged his students to get married young, based upon a teaching in Pirkei Avot Chapter 5. [wikipedia]

The Zilberman Method draws upon traditional teaching methods as outlined by Chazal and championed by Judah Loew ben Bezalel and the Vilna Gaon. The Mishnah and the Talmud set forth halakhic guidelines for teaching Torah to children. These guidelines include the ages at which texts should be studied: "Five years old [is the age to begin studying] Scripture; a ten year-old [learns] the Mishnah; a thirteen year-old for the mitzvot ([obligation of the] commandments); a fifteen year-old [for the study] of Talmud…";^[3] the times of study (including Shabbat for children; Hachazan roeh heichan tinokot korin – the chazzan observes [on Shabbat] where [in the text] the children are reading)^[4] and the manner of teaching (safi lei k’tura –stuffing the children like oxen;^[5] ligmar inish v’hadar lisbor –read the text and then explain it.^[6]

The Zilberman method has children focus exclusively on Tanakh and Mishnah in their younger years, ensuring that they know large portions of both areas by heart before they begin learning Gemara (Talmud). Indeed, graduates of such schools tend to have impressive fluency in these areas. Two key elements in Zilberman’s methodology, however, must be singled out: chazarah (review) and student participation.

In the Zilberman-styled school, a new text of Chumash (Scripture) is introduced in the following manner. On Monday and Tuesday, the teacher chants the text with the tropp (ta’amei ha’mikra) and the students immediately imitate him. This is repeated several times until the students are able to read the text independently. Then the teacher introduces the translation/explanation of the text and invites students to participate in the process. New words typically need to be translated only once; subsequently, students are encouraged to call out the translation on their own. All translations are strictly literal. If the translation does not automatically yield a comprehensible meaning, the students are invited to try to find one. The class spends the rest of the week reviewing the material. Each pasuk is reviewed with the tropp at least twenty-four times.^[7] Adjustments are made for each grade level.

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Proponents of the Zilberman Method argue that it is not a new innovation, but rather a return to an ancient form of Torah study elucidated in the Mishna and Talmud, and favoured by both the Maharal and the Vilna Gaon.

Zilberman found the existing Jerusalem heders' curriculum not suitable for his own children, so he began to teach them at home according to his method.^[9] In the beginning of the 1980s, after years of limited success with incorporating his teaching style in existing institutions, Zilberman founded, with the help of his sons, a school in the northern part of the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem.^[8]The school, Yeshivat Aderet Eliyahu – also known as "Zilberman's Cheder" – adopted its founder's method, and became an inspiration for many of his students, who later branched out all over Israel founding schools with the same teaching approach.^[8]

YITZCHAK SHLOMO ZILBERMAN

Yitzchok Shlomo Zilberman (Hebrew: יצחק שלמה זילברמן; 30 April 1929 – 13 March 2001) was an Israeli Haredi rabbi and educator, pioneer of the Zilberman Method of Torah study. He founded Yeshivat Aderet Eliyahu, part of a community that follows the path of the Vilna Gaon. 

Yitzchok Shlomo Zilberman was born in Berlin, Germany to Rabbi Dr. Avraham Moshe Zilberman, translator of the Tanakh into German, and Rivka, née Levy. His mother died when he was 3 years old, and he was raised by his father.^[1] In 1934, in response to the coming to power of Adolf Hitler, Zilberman escaped with his father, brother, and sister to England.^[1]

In 1939, after his father died, Zilberman caught the last boat leaving England for Palestinebefore the war halted sea traffic, and he made aliyah. He went to live with his uncle Yaakov Levy in Rehavia, Jerusalem, the director of the labor ward at Bikur Cholim Hospital. He studied at the Horev Yeshiva, and continued his education at Kol Torah under the watchful eye of Rabbi Dr. Yechiel Michel Schlesinger. He later went on to study in the Mir Yeshiva.^[1]

Lacking the guidance of a father figure, Zilberman struggled in his youth to find an appropriate spiritual path within Orthodox Judaism to which he could relate. He first experimented with Hasidic Judaism, in particular Chabad and Breslov, before eventually adopting the stance of the Perushim of the Sha'arei Hesed neighbourhood, followers of the Vilna Gaon. 

(cont’d)