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06 August 2020

The Warrior Zinc — Information You've Never Heard

Zinc is a very powerful way to strengthen your body against viruses.  The National Institutes of Health notes:

Zinc is found in cells throughout the body. It helps the immune system fight off invading bacteria and viruses.

Moreover:

An abundance of evidence has accumulated over the past 50 years to demonstrate the antiviral activity of zinc against a variety of viruses, and via numerous mechanisms.

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Ionic zinc possesses unique and distinct antiviral properties against a number of human viruses ....  Zinc has been shown to contribute to a number of innate and adaptive immune signaling pathways that have been comprehensively reviewed recently.

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Upon recognition of microbial antigens ... a rapid and transient influx of free zinc ions occurs.

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Zinc plays a significant role in the response to [interferons] by modulating secretion, cytokine potency, and receptor binding, as well as influencing signaling intermediates and pathway inhibitors. 


Harvard notes:

Zinc is a component of many enzymes and transcription factors in cells all over the body, and inadequate zinc levels limit the individual’s ability to mount an adequate immune response to infections. Multiple meta-analyses and pooled analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that oral zinc supplementation reduces the incidence rate of acute respiratory infections by 35%, shortens the duration of flu-like symptoms by approximately 2 days, and improves the rate of recovery. The studies were conducted in the US as well as in multiple low- and middle-income countries such as India, South Africa, and Peru. The dose of zinc in these studies ranged from 20 mg/week to 92 mg/day. Dose does not appear to be the main driver of the effectiveness of zinc supplementation. [More on this below.]

Zinc was shown to inhibit viral replication in many other types of coronavirus, including in the original SarsCov coronavirus.  Many common colds are actually mild coronaviruses, and as UCHealth points out:

Cochrane review updated in 2013 summarized 18 randomized controlled trials involving 1,781 participants across all age groups found that zinc – particularly in lozenge or syrup form – “inhibits replication of the virus” that cause the common cold and shortens average duration of the common cold when taken within 24 hours of onset of symptoms at a dose of more than 75 milligrams a day.

2010 study led by University of Leiden Medical researchers in the Netherlands sought to understand how zinc inhibited that replication. The team reported that zinc inhibits a cousin of SARS-CoV-2: SARS-CoV, the original SARS of the 2003 outbreak.

And it could be very helpful in fighting this specific type of coronavirus, SarsCov2 (i.e. Covid):

Interestingly, most of the risk groups described for COVID-19 are at the same time groups that were associated with zinc deficiency. As zinc is essential to preserve natural tissue barriers such as the respiratory epithelium, preventing pathogen entry, for a balanced function of the immune system and the redox system, zinc deficiency can probably be added to the factors predisposing individuals to infection and detrimental progression of COVID-19. Finally, due to its direct antiviral properties, it can be assumed that zinc administration is beneficial for most of the population, especially those with suboptimal zinc status.

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The fact that zinc deficiency is responsible for 16% of all deep respiratory infections world-wide provides a first strong hint on a link of zinc deficiency with the risk of infection and severe progression of COVID-19 and suggests potential benefits of zinc supplementation.

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Infections with coronaviruses go along with damage of the ciliated epithelium and ciliary dyskinesia consecutively impairing the mucociliar clearance. It was shown that physiological concentrations of zinc increase ciliary beat frequency. Moreover, zinc supplementation in zinc deficient rats had a positive effect on the number and the length of bronchial cilia .... Improved ciliary clearance does not only improve the removal of virus particle, it also reduces the risk of secondary bacterial infections ....

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Zinc is essential for preserving tissue barriers

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Zinc ... might decrease ACE-2 expression and thus viral entry into the cell.

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As a virus, SARS-CoV2 is highly dependent on the metabolism of the host cell. Direct antiviral effects of zinc have been demonstrated in various cases .... Examples include coronaviridae [i.e. coronaviruses].

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Zinc supplementation improves the mucociliary clearance, strengthens the integrity of the epithelium, decreases viral replication, preserves antiviral immunity, attenuates the risk of hyper-inflammation, supports anti-oxidative effects and thus reduces lung damage and minimized secondary infections.


 

2 comments:

Neshama said...

J Res Med Sci. 2013 Feb; 18(2): 144–157.
PMCID: PMC3724376
PMID: 23914218
Zinc and its importance for human health: An integrative review
Nazanin Roohani, Richard Hurrell,1 Roya Kelishadi,2 and Rainer Schulin
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3724376/

BMJ. 2002 Nov 9; 325(7372): 1062.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.325.7372.1062
PMCID: PMC131177
PMID: 12424163
Science commentary
What does zinc do?
Abi Berger, science editor
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC131177/

"It has been shown that zinc supplementation significantly reduces the duration and severity of childhood diarrhea, lower respiratory infections, and incidence of malaria in zinc-deficient children," said report co-author, Robert Cousins, Ph.D., who also is the director of the Center for Nutritional Sciences within the Food Science and Human Nutrition Department at the University of Florida. "Age-related declines in immune function have also been related to zinc deficiency in the elderly.”
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/07/090730103740.htm

Regulatory role
Zinc finger proteins have been found to regulate gene expression by acting as transcription factors (see above). Zinc also plays a role in cell signaling via the metal-response element (MRE)-binding transcription factor 1 (MTF1); MTF1 has a zinc finger domain that allows its binding to MRE sequences in the promoter of target genes and the subsequent expression of zinc-responsive genes (6). Zinc may also have a direct regulatory function, modulating the activity of cell-signaling enzymes and transcription factors (6). Extracellular zinc can also stimulate a zinc-sensing receptor that triggers the release of intracellular calcium, a second messenger in signaling pathways (14). Zinc has been found to influence hormone release (see Type 2 diabetes mellitus) (15) and nerve impulse transmission (16).
https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/minerals/zinc

Zinc and respiratory tract infections: Perspectives for COVID‑19 (Review)
Due to the clearly demonstrated role of zinc in immunity (2), and impaired zinc status in ageing (35), metabolic diseases including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (13), it is speculated that zinc compounds may be used as an adjunct therapy in COVID-19 treatment (36) for increasing antiviral resistance (37). Of note, zinc was earlier suggested as the potential agent for immune support and prevention of H1N1 influenza ('swine flu') (38).

In view of lack of clinical data on preventive and/or therapeutic efficiency of zinc in COVID-19, as well as primary involvement of the respiratory system, in this review, we will discuss recent clinical data on the role of zinc in protection against bronchopulmonary infections, as well as the existing indications of the direct impact of zinc on nCoV-2019.
Zinc and COVID-19 (read on)
Zn and respiratory viruses (read on)
Pneumonia in adults and the elderly (read on)
Zinc and lung inflammation (read on)
etc. https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4575
149 REFERENCES

Neshama said...

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