Yearning for Mashiach and Yearning for the Rebuilt Temple

The Sages taught,

 "Any generation in which the Temple is not built, it is as if it had been destroyed in their times" (Yerushalmi, Yoma 1a).

The same lack of merit resulting in its destruction has resulted in its not being rebuilt. In fact, the Midrash states a frightening outcome of not yearning for the rebuilding of the Temple, "All the communities that fell, it is only because they didn't inquire after and demand the Beit HaMikdash" (Midrash Socher Tov, Shmuel 31). https://ohr.edu/holidays/tisha_bav/mourning/1088

We can add to the following list the over 70 years we have been allowed back on our Land and the Temple has not been rebuilt. B”H Yerushalayim is being beautified.  And B”H the City of David is being exposed, with its connection to Har HaBayit. We can follow the underground pathways to historical moments in time, 



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Four Unique Characteristics of the THIRD TEMPLE

By Yehuda Shurpin Chabad.org

In the 25th year of the Babylonian exile, G‑d showed a vision of the future Temple to the prophet Ezekiel.1 Yet the Second Temple was built only partially based on the description in the book of Ezekiel, as this prophetic description was reserved for the Third and final Temple.2

The Midrash tells us that when G‑d commanded Ezekiel to describe the dimensions of the Temple to the Jewish people, Ezekiel asked, “Master of the Universe, why are You telling me to go and tell Israel the form of the House; they are now in exile in the land of our enemies—is there anything they can do about it? Let them be, until they return from the exile. Then I will go and inform them.”

G‑d answered: “Should the construction of My House be ignored because My children are in exile? The study of the design of the Holy Temple as detailed in the Torah can be equated to its actual construction. Go tell them to study the form of the Holy Temple. As a reward for their study and their occupation with it, I will consider it as if they actually built the Holy Temple.”3

Based on the above Midrash, the Lubavitcher Rebbe strongly promoted learning about the building of the Temple, especially during the time of year in which we mourn its destruction.4

Thus, we present an outline of some distinct characteristics of the Third Temple. (Note, however, that Maimonides writes that the design of the Messianic Temple, though mentioned in the Book of Ezekiel, “is not explicit or explained.”5)

It Will Be Big
The Third Temple will be many times larger than the previous two Temples. For example, the area set aside for the Second Temple complex, or what is known as the Temple Mount, was 500 by 500 cubits (each cubit being approximately 18.9 inches). In the Third Temple, it will be 3,000 by 3,000 cubits—i.e., it will be 36 times larger, or 9,000,000 square cubits (approx. 22,325,625 square feet or 512.5 acres)!6

It Will Be Square
The basic division of the Temple into different sections, such as the Kodesh (Holy) and the Kodesh HaKodashim (Holy of Holies), will be the same as in the previous Temples. However, the section called the ezrat nashim in the Second Temple (and “outer courtyard” in Ezekiel’s prophecy) will have a very different layout in the Third Temple. Whereas in the Second Temple this section was a 135-square-cubit area in front of the azarah (the latter is equivalent to the “inner courtyard” in Ezekiel’s prophecy), in the Third Temple this area will be 312 by 317 cubits, and completely surround, almost like a square, the azarah.7

Iron Is In
Iron was not used in the building of the first two Temples, as the verse states: “The House, when it was in building, was built of stone finished at the quarry, and there was neither hammer nor axe (nor) any tool of iron heard in the house, while it was in building.”8 Why? Because iron is used in the fashioning of weapons used to shorten life, and the purpose of the Temple was to “make peace” between man and G‑d, thereby lengthening one’s life. Thus, it is improper to build a life-sustaining structure with a material that is its very antithesis.
However, the Lubavitcher Rebbe explains at length that in the messianic era, when “swords will be beaten into plowshares” and iron will be used only for the positive, this prohibition of using metal in the structure of the Temple will no longer apply.
The use of iron in the Third Temple will not just be a symptom of the peace that will reign, but it is symbolic of the messianic era in general.9
The Hebrew word for iron is ברזל, which the Arizal explains is an acronym for the four wives of Jacob, from whom the Jewish nation is descended: בלהה רחל זלפה לאה.10 This corresponds to the mystics’ explanation that in the era of redemption, women will be on a higher level than men.

We’ll Go There Often
The verse at the end of Isaiah states, “‘It shall be from new moon to new moon and from Sabbath to Sabbath that all flesh shall come to prostrate themselves before Me,’ says the L‑rd.”11 The Midrash explains that although during the eras of the first two Temples the Jews made a pilgrimage to the Temple only three times a year, in the messianic era we will do so every first of the new month. The Midrash goes on to explain that this was impossible to do during the first two Temples, but that in the era of the Third Temple we will have “clouds” that will transport us to Jerusalem and the Temple, enabling us to visit the Holy Temple on a much more frequent basis.12

May the merit of learning about the building of the Temple stand us in good stead, and may we merit the rebuilding of the Third Holy Temple speedily in our days!

FOOTNOTES
1.See Ezekiel, chs. 40–48.
2.For more on that, see Did the Jews Disregard Ezekiel’s Prophecy of the Temple?
3.Midrash Tanchuma, Tzav 14; Yalkut Shimoni on Ezekiel 43:10–11 (382).
4.See Likkutei Sichot, vol. 18, p. 411.
5.Mishneh Torah, Hil. Beit HaBechirah 1:4.
6.Rashi, Ezekiel 42:20.
7.See Ezekiel ch. 40 with commentaries.
8.I Kings 6:7.
9.See Sefer HaSichot 5752, p. 233.
10.
11.Isaiah 66:23.
12.See Yalkut Shimoni, end of Isaiah.

Tisha B’Av – The Shattered Vase

BS”D

THE SHTTERED VASE

By Roy Neuberger 

 

Erev Shabbos, just before candle-lighting, a crystal vase was accidentally knocked over and shattered. It happened because I was agitated, which increased my anguish. I felt it was my fault and I was very upset. I left the house and walked to minyan. 
 
How could I begin Shabboslike this? But I couldn’t shake it. 
 
On the way to mincha, I suddenly realized ….
 
What! It’s a few days before Tisha B’Av!This is Shabbos Chazon, the darkest week of the year! And you are upset about a crystal vase? 
 
What about the Bais Hamikdosh!
 
You’re not upset about the Bais Hamikdosh?
 
You are crying about a vase and you’re not crying for the Bais Hamikdosh? 
 
What’s wrong with you? 
 
Suddenly, I knew that Hashem had sent me a message! Get your head together! Get your priorities straight! You only get upset when a vase is smashed, but meanwhile your whole world was smashed! 
 
What happened to, “If I forget you, Oh Yerushalayim, let my right hand forget its skill. Let my tongue adhere to my palate if fail to recall you, if I fail to elevate Yerushalayim above my foremost joy….”? [1]
 
Suddenly, my brain cleared. I knew exactly why that vase had shattered.
 
“So remember your Creator in the days of your youth, before the evil days come …. before the silver cord snaps and the golden bowl is shattered, and the pitcher is broken at the fountain, and the wheel is smashed at the pit. Thus, the dust returns to the ground as it was, and the spirit returns to G-d Who gave it. Futility of futilities, said Koheles, all is futility.”[2]
 
My friends, it is tempting to shield ourselves from truth, but the truth is that “all those who mourn for Yerushalayim will merit to witness her joy …..”[3]Unless we mourn for Yerushalayim, we are in danger of missing her redemption, G-d forbid. 
 
One way to feel the seriousness of the moment is to focus on our current troubles, and the world is now in the midst of unprecedented troubles. Biblical Mitzraimwas brought down by plagues; today the entire world is in the midst of a great plague. 
 
Several months ago, I quoted Rabbi Yitzchak Berkovits, who wrote about the Corona virus, “Nobody in this world knows if, when and how this is going to end.” Every word of atalmid chachamis measured, and it is significant that Rabbi Berkovits used the word “if” when referring to the end of Corona. 
 
We have to be prepared. This may end very differently from the way many people want and expect. Rabbi Refoel Rosenstein, a distinguished friend and kollel administrator, provided me recently with a powerful insight into our current situation. 
 
Rabbi Rosenstein showed me several midrashim, which all make the same point. 
 
“Sof davar … the end of the matter … fear G-d and keep His commandments ….”[4]The Midrashapparently interprets the word “davar” at the end of Sefer Kohelesin two ways: as if it meant “matter” or“subject,”and also asif it meant “dever… plague.”The Midrash continues: “Rabbi Levi said: Why is pestilence called ‘dever’….?” Here the Midrash is hinting that there will be a plague at the “end.”[5]
 
Pesikta Rabbatiis more explicit, and states, in the name of the same Rabbi Levi, “Near the days of Moshiach a great plague (‘dever gadol’) will come to the world.”[6]
 
Shir ha Shirim Rabbahstates, “Rabbi Chiya bar Abba said: Samuch limos hamashiach … shortly before the days of Moshiach (the same language as the Pesikta) a great plague will come to the world ….”[7]
 
My friends, this is real, tangible, palpable, like the shattering of a crystal vase. 
 
Our present world appears to be shattering and breaking. The same way Mitzraimwas shattered, our world is being shattered. 
 
But what is this shattering? 
 
“The Rabbis taught in a Baraisa: [If there is] a plague in the city, take your feet in [to your house to avoid becoming infected), as it says,‘And as for you, you shall not leave the entrance of the house until morning,’, and it also says,[9]‘Go, My people enter your rooms and close your door behind you [hide for a brief moment until the wrath has passed],’ and it also says,[10]‘On the outside the sword [of the Angel of Death] will bereave, while indoors there will be dread.’”[11]
 
Mitzraimwas shattered in order that our Fathers could go out to Har Sinaiand receive the Torah. We should know that, provided that we hold tightly to the Torah, all shattering is only to build. 
 
“The Holy One, Blessed is He, said: [It is incumbent] upon Me to pay for the blaze that I kindled. I lit the fire in Tzion, as it says:[12]‘He lit a fire in Tzion which consumed its foundations.’ And I [will in the] future build it [again] with fire, as it says[13]: ‘And I will be for it … a wall of fire all around and for glory will I be in its midst.’”[14]
 
There are grounds for rational hope on this Tisha B’Avthat we will soon see the end of our long Golus. We seem to be almost there, my friends. 
 
“Remember the exhausted [nation] that won [Your favor], and return her to Your soil. Eternally will I laud You, saying ‘Ashrei … praiseworthy are those who dwell in Your House.’”[15]

 

---

[1] Psalm 137

[2] Koheles 12:1-8

[3] Taanis 30b

[4] Koheles 12:13

[5] Midrash Koheles Parashah 12:14

[6] Pesikta Rabbati near the end of Perek Aleph

[7] Shir ha Shirim Rabbah 2:29

[8] Shemos 12:22

[9] Yeshiah 26:20

[10] Dvarim 32:25

[11] Bava Kamma 60b

[12] Eichah 4:11

[13] Zechariah 2:9

[14] Bava Kamma 60b

[15] Keil keli

 

© Copyright 2020 by Roy S. Neuberger
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The Temple Mount as the “Truma” of Eretz Yisrael – Parashat Va’et’chanan and Tish’a Be’Av

BS”D 

Parashat Va’et’chanan Week of Tish’a Be’Av 5780

Rabbi Nachman Kahana

 

The Temple Mount as the “Truma” of Eretz Yisrael

 

This Wednesday night is the 9th of Menachem Av (the 9th day of the 11th month of our calendar year Menachem Av, counting from the previous month of Tishrei [Rosh HaShana]- that is our 9-11).  For the 1950th time, we will mourn – in that exquisite unity that binds all Jews – the death of the 600,000 Jews in the desert who turned their backs on Eretz Yisrael and will feel the fresh anguish at the destruction of our two temples and subsequent expulsions into galut.

Notwithstanding the depths of our sorrow, there exists an ongoing reminder that the third Temple will be built and that HaShem will restore our nation to the grandeur that was once Am Yisrael. That reminder is Har Habayit – the Temple Mount – in Yerushalayim.

What makes Har Habayit the eternal repository of sanctity?

The Midrash (Devarim Raba 11,10) teaches that Moshe beseeched HaShem 515 times to be allowed to enter Eretz Yisrael.  This equals the gematria (number equivalent) of the word Va’et’chanan. Moshe did not request a homestead of lush rolling land, nor did he request a palatial home befitting the first king of Israel. He desired to enter the land for one sole purpose, as the Gemara (Sota 14a) says: “Was it to eat of its fruit or find pleasures of the Land that Moshe wished to enter? No! It was for one reason. Moshe prayed for the opportunity to keep mitzvot in Eretz Yisrael.”

It would appear that the Gemara is at odds with the Midrash in describing Moshe’s prayer to HaShem.

The Midrash relates that when HaShem denied Moshe the privilege of entering the Land, Moshe pleaded: “If I cannot enter in a living state, let my body be brought into the land.” HaShem’s answer was no! “Let me enter in the form of an animal so I can tread on the Land.” No! “Then let me enter as a bird without touching the Land.” No”!

Now, if according to the Gemara, Moshe wanted to enter the Land to keep its mitzvot, why would it satisfy him to enter as an animal or a bird?

We must, therefore, conclude that there is a spiritual experience that even an animal or a bird can experience – and that is fulfilling the mitzva of just being present in the land.

If the Land is so holy that even its air space is sanctified (the Zohar says that Eretz Yisrael is directly under the kisay ha’kavod – the Heavenly Throne – and the earthly Yerushalayim is directly under the heavenly Yerushalayim, influencing the spirit of all who are present there), the question arises: How can we live as “normal” human beings, doing the things people must do in order to maintain their personal and national lives? How do we get up in the morning and go to work, deal in commerce and industry, fix our cars when they break, eat, sleep, and attend to our bodily needs? The whole Land should be as the Kodesh HaKodashim (Holy of Holies) of the Temple, if even an animal is stirred by the sanctity of the Land.

I suggest:

Newly grown crops of wheat, grapes, and olives in Eretz Yisrael are designated in the Torah as “tevel,” and no part may be eaten because of their sanctity (all other fruit and vegetables are “tevel” by rabbinic decree). The resultant punishment for this transgression is the termination of one’s life prior to the time allotted to him at birth. The prohibition is annulled by separating the required tithes as stated in the Torah. One of the tithes is “teruma gedola,” which is given to a kohen. The amount of teruma from the Torah is one grain of wheat (or grape or olive) from an entire crop. Not being a farmer, I would give a wild guess that there are millions of grains in a decent-sized wheat crop, which would make the teruma gedola totally insignificant in terms of quantity. Nevertheless, this tithe and the others are the factors determining one’s life expectancy.

We can conclude that this one single grain concentrates in itself the sanctity of the entire crop; because the spiritual world has a different set of physics and chemistry where size, space and numbers are irrelevant.

Thus, I suggest we live normally and function in Eretz Yisrael despite its inherent sanctity.  This is feasible because HaShem has separated a piece of teruma that contains in it the necessary amount of kedusha, rendering the rest of the country kadosh – but less than the status of the Holy of Holies.

That “piece” of teruma is Har Habayit.

The Rambam states that, even in the period when the halachic status of Eretz Yisrael in terms of the agricultural laws was changed by the destruction of the first Temple, the halachic status of the Temple Mount was never altered since the time of King Solomon.  Hence, we may offer up sacrifices even in our times (if we could overcome several halachic obstacles, such as the exact place of the altar and who is an authentic kohen).

The Temple Mount is the holiest site in the Jewish world, and proof of this is what the great Ramban wrote to his son after arriving in Yerushalayim, “Whatever is more holy is more desecrated – Yehuda is more desecrated than the Galil, and Yerushalayim is the most desecrated of all.”

If you are shuddering at the thought of how many “karet” transgressions one performs when ascending the Mount, permit me to fill you in on a little halachic geography.

The Temple Mount is made up of two distinct areas. In the center is solid bedrock, which is surrounded by landfill made by Hordus (Herod) when he turned the Temple Mount from a square into a rectangle. His Bet Hamikdash was 100 amot high (50 meters) – equivalent to a 25-story building. Hordus built it with huge stones, like those in the Kotel.  The sheer weight of the Bet Hamikdash was much too heavy to be held up by landfill. This means that even though we do not know where the exact site is, we do know where it is not; and, therefore, we tread only on the landfill. Indeed, the Kotel is no more than a supporting wall for the landfill to prevent slippage. The only area where karet is punishable is on bedrock in the area of the Temple.  There is no punishment of karet for entering the surrounding Mount even for the most severe types of tuma.

[On a personal note: Were it in my power, I would close off the Kotel and hang a big sign on it saying, “All this because of sin’at chinam (unjustified hatred),” and then direct the people to Har Habayit.]

In the reality of our contemporary religious, geopolitical and military situation, whoever controls the Temple Mount controls Eretz Yisrael emotionally and religiously – and his G-d is victorious. It is clear that religious emotions are the dominant factors here in the Middle East.

On the human, practical level, the reality on the Temple Mount will be decided by numbers. If in the past very few Jews ascended the Mount in a year, the numbers are now in the tens of thousands. Things will change when the numbers will be in the hundreds of thousands. At that time, the pressure from the population will force the changes necessary to remove the abominations which are presently there.

The Haredi segment will join and even lead the great numbers, as they are beginning to see that the halachic decisions of the Dati-Leumi rabbis are the ones which are pertinent for our generation.

The most important mitzva in our time is the one that Jews “tread on with their heels” (Parashat Aikev) – to ascend the Temple Mount and declare that here we will build the third Bet Hamikdash.

It is enlightening to recall the words of our leaders at the time the second Bet Hamikdash was being built, as recorded in the book of Ezra chapter 4:

)א) וישמעו צרי יהודה ובנימן כי בני הגולה בונים היכל לה’ אלהי ישראל:

(ב) ויגשו אל זרבבל ואל ראשי האבות ויאמרו להם נבנה עמכם כי ככם נדרוש לאלהיכם ולא ולו אנחנו זבחים מימי אסר חדן מלך אשור המעלה אתנו פה:

(ג) ויאמר להם זרבבל וישוע ושאר ראשי האבות לישראל לא לכם ולנו לבנות בית לאלהינו כי אנחנו יחד נבנה לה’ אלהי ישראל כאשר צונו המלך כורש מלך פרס:

 

1: When the enemies of Judah and Benjamin (Samaritans and others) heard that the exiles were building a temple for the Lord, the G-d of Israel,

 2: they came to Zerubbabel and to the heads of the families and said, “Let us help you build because, like you, we seek your G-d and have been sacrificing to Him since the time of Esarhaddon King of Assyria, who brought us here.”

3: But Zerubbabel, Joshua and the other heads of the families of Israel answered, “You have no part with us in building a temple to our G-d. We alone will build it for the Lord, the G-d of Israel…

 

When the time comes (may it be soon) for us to rebuild the Bet Hamikdash, the nations will offer the Medina “foreign aid” to be partners in HaShem’s new world. And we shall say to them, as did our fathers, “You have no part with us in building a temple to our G-d. We alone will build it for the Lord, the G-d of Israel.”

This Tish’a be’Av will mark the 1950th year since the destruction of the Second Temple, by the cursed Romans in the year 70 C.E.

Look around.  Do you see any descendants of the ancient Romans, or for that matter, a descendant of any of our long-lost enemies? And with just a little patience, we will not be able to find a descendant of any of our latter-day enemies.

So, for now, we will have to weep for what was and contend with our increasing anxieties stemming from the realities of our present-day challenges, but never taking our eyes off the three Bs:

B careful  B healthy  B here

…and its corollary JLMM – Jewish Lives Mean More

 

Have a meaningful fast and Shabbat Shalom,

Nachman Kahana

Copyright © 5780/2020 Nachman Kahana

Aish Kodesh Worldwide Tisha B'Av Event

I just came across this event today, and it may not be too late to join up

see link for signing up I guess on Zoom below

Tisha B'Av Program for 7/29 and 7/30

Wednesday July 29

Tisha B'Av Night

8:35 PM

 Rav Weinberger’s

Pre-Eicha Drosha

___________________________

Thursday July 30

Tisha B'Av Morning

8:50 AM - 1:00 PM

Kinnos with Rav Weinberger

________________________

Thursday July 30

6:40 PM - 7:40 PM

8:15 PM - 8:45 PM

Afternoon Shiurim by

Rav Weinberger

his Livestream Event is provided free of charge for your benefit so that all members of our kehilla and Jews worldwide can experience meaningful Tisha B'Av programming.  

The costs to produce this year's Tisha B'Av Program and Livestream are increased
due to our inability to host our usual expanded program at Aish Kodesh.

This year we are relying on your generosity.  We ask that you please consider contributing below to support this event.

Any and all donations are greatly appreciated.

____________________

Go to https://www.aishkodesh.org/tishabav

to log in and register for the series

הרב יוסף מזרחי - עם ישראל בסכנת קיום! נבואת אחרית הימים!

The people of Israel are in danger of existence! The prophecy of the end times

UPDATE Emergency call to the public – קריאת חירום לציבור

UPDATED AND LETTER DELETED DUE TO A CONFLICT IN AUTHENTICITY

THE 9TH OF AV: A TIME TO MOURN?... A TIME TO BUILD!

THE 9TH OF AV: A TIME TO MOURN?... A TIME TO BUILD! the Temple Institute

THE HOLY TEMPLE: Its Destruction and Subsequent Attempts to Rebuild It, 70 CE - Today

The history of the Jewish experience since the Holy Temple was destroyed nearly 2000 years ago at the hands of foreign invaders, is known as the exile. Exiled from their land and from their spiritual center - the Holy Temple - the Jewish nation has been marking time, waiting to leap, as it were, back into history, to take back its own destiny, and above all, to rebuild the Holy Temple - the house of G-d. The Jewish nation has seen to it that the Holy Temple was never forgotten throughout the darkest moments of her exile, and that her sons and daughters would one day renew the Divine service on Mount Moriah, and rebuild the Holy Temple.

Yet, along the way, forgetfulness and misunderstanding did creep in. To this day, many a Jewish household continues to observe the tradition of maintaining a half-meter square patch of wall scraped clean of plaster as one enters the house. For how can we complete our houses when G-d's house lays in ruins? Yet too many an observant Jewish homeowner wrongly believes that this patch of wall is commemorating the "destruction" and the the Temple itself: an ancient loss, but not a promised future. With remarkable tenacity the Jews have stuck to their memory of the Holy Temple. However, it is not the destruction that we are intended to commemorate, but the Divine promise that we will one day build the Holy Temple again. We weren't instructed to enshrine the 9th of Av as a day of permanent mourning for the Holy Temple, but as a day to remind us of our responsibility to rebuild the Holy Temple one day - maybe today - maybe tomorrow. We weren't instructed to commemorate its destruction, we are instructed to remember the Holy Temple in order to remain spiritually and intellectually prepared to rebuild it whenever the moment arrives. The following paragraphs, excerpted from The Odyssey of the Third Temple, by Rabbi Yisrael Ariel and Rabbi Chaim Richman of The Temple Institute, (copyright 1993, no longer available in print), tell the tale of a nation coming to grips with destruction, and by sheer force of will, shaping its every thought and action toward the day when that tragedy will turn to rejoicing - with the building of the Holy Temple.

The Holy Temple Lies in Ruins

The mighty Roman Empire, which ruled over vast stretches of the ancient world, engaged their legions' finest elite forces in Judea. No effort was spared in the struggle to regain the honor lost on the revolt which erupted in Jerusalem against the occupation of the Caesars. The campaign had but one goal: the rebellion must be snuffed out.

The city was besieged for many long months. The population, continuing to battle, but now slowly dying of hunger, still refused to surrender to the Roman conquerors. With their very last ounce of strength, the heroes of Judah fought to save the Temple. As the realization of the inevitable destruction loomed closer, the priests hid many of the sacred vessels in various locations throughout the Temple and Jerusalem.

The Temple's Last Moments

Even in the last minutes of the war, the priests continued carrying out their sacred duties, in spite of the fact that the Temple courtyards flowed with the blood of the slain and fire roared at the entrances. The scope of the tragedy is recorded in the words of the rabbis:

"The day the Temple was destroyed was the ninth of Av. It was the conclusion of the Sabbath, and the end of the seven year cycle. It was during the time of the (priestly shift) of Yehoyiriv."

"The kohanim and levites stood on the platform and continued to sing... and did not cease until the enemy entered and subdued them." (BT Erchin 11:B)

"When the Kohen Gadol (High Priest) saw that the Holy Temple was in flames, he climbed up to the roof of the Sanctuary together with groups of the young priests. They held the keys to the Temple in their hands and spoke before the Holy One, Blessed be He: 'Master of the Universe! It appears that we were not worthy of being trusted officers for You - take back the keys to Your house!' and with that, they threw the keys upwards. The image of a hand appeared in the heavens and took them... "

"And when the kohanim and levites saw that the Holy Temple was indeed consumed with flames, they held the lyres and trumpets... and plunged into the fire." (Aicha Rabtai)

The Temple service was cut down while in progress - for its interruption can never be conceived of; not for war, or destruction. or even for the fire raging within.

The Talmud and Midrash present a detailed description of each stage of the destruction. Vivid images are also provided by Flavius Josephus, an eye-witness both to the destruction and the victory parade in Rome.

The sages describe Titus' trek from Jerusalem back to Rome upon returning from the war: "Titus removed the veil (which separated between the Holy and the Holy of Holies) and spread it out like a net. He gathered all the sacred vessels together and placed them inside, and then embarked by ship for Rome, to boast and seek honor." (BT Gittin 56)

Even though on simple political and military levels there were far more significant victories for the Roman Empire than the destruction of Judea, they saw fit to commemorate this event and preserve it for future generations - the famed monument, the "Arch of Titus." Here the capture of Judah is celebrated, and the victory parade of the plundered Temple vessels arriving in Rome can be seen to this very day. During the course of the long and bitters years, this scene became the symbol of Jewish exile, but hope itself is born in the very darkest moments…

"The Day the Temple was Destroyed - The Messiah was Born"

The Romans were convinced that the saga of Jewish history had ended. According to their understanding, the Jewish people would now become scattered and disassociated, and disappear from the stage. But in reality, the opposite occurred: The Jewish people called up vast resources of inner strength and prepared for the long exile, accompanied by endless suffering and persecution. A new spiritual center was established in the land of Israel by Rabbi Yochanan Ben Zakai, in a modest little settlement called Kerem B'Yavnah. But the banner and flag of the nation, held high when wherever they traveled was as always... the Holy Temple. The people did not submit to spiritual defeat, nor did they equivocate of shrink for even a moment from the conviction that the Temple must be rebuilt: "The very day (on which the Temple was destroyed), Menachem (the messiah) was born." (JT Berachot 2:4)

This Midrashic statement beautifully expresses the indefatigable heart and consciousness of the Jewish people and the collective Jewish experience: Hope and rebirth spring forth from tragedy itself. The promise of the eventual redemption was already present at the very moment of destruction. The worst moments of the end only seem to reinforce the belief in the fulfillment of the promised return to the Divine service - the rebuilding of the Holy Temple.

Already at the time of the destruction, the sages of Israel took precautions and made arrangements to begin preparing the nation for rebuilding the Holy Temple at the earliest possible moment. There were also a number of actual historical attempts throughout the exile to erect the Temple and renew the service - for the rabbis had planted these seeds deeply, immediately when the Temple was destroyed. They knew that these seeds would eventually grow and bear fruit... the hour of the establishment of the Third Temple.

Customs Developed as a "Remembrance of the Temple"

As we have mentioned, the rabbis took many precautions to insure that the Jews would never forget their obligation to return to the Holy Temple. In similar fashion, Rabbi Yochanan Ben Zakai, himself an eyewitness to the destruction, enacted several regulations which were decreed binding, for example: Priests who are able to keep track of the day of their turn in the Temple service should conduct themselves on those days according to the same regulations applicable during Temple life. They should not drink wine on these days, in order to remain in a state of preparedness and to internalize the feeling that the Temple will indeed be rebuilt speedily. For the belief is deep that the events will happen so quickly, that if it should transpire that a particular priest drank a minimal amount of wine - he would not even have enough time for its effects to wear off before he must go quickly and attend to the service. This ruling, and others like it, helped to create a status of taunt expectation and readiness amongst the priests and the people... readiness to rebuild.

So too, the rabbis instituted various customs of mourning during the course of the year, as well as days of fasting and special prayers, in order to strengthen the national feeling of obligation towards building the Temple when the time presents itself.

Customs were also enacted and introduced into Jewish practice specifically for the purpose of "remembering the Temple." This type of custom is exemplified by the eating of matzot together with the bitter herb at the Seder on Passover night, the same manner in which the festive Passover pilgrims ate in Jerusalem.

These laws and customs accomplished their purpose. The long exile saw a number of attempts to renew the Temple, in spite of the harsh reality of a Holy Land desolate and abandoned, oppressed by foreign rulers.

Preparations for Building the Temple - In the Days of Rabbi Yehoshua Ben Chananya

The very first recorded attempt to rebuild the Holy Temple occurred just a few short years after the destruction of the Second Temple, in the era of Rabbi Yehoshua Ben Chananya:

"In the time of Rabbi Yehoshua Ben Chananya, the evil empire (the Caesar Hadrian) decreed that the Temple may be rebuilt. Two wealthy Jews, Papus and Lilianus were appointed to finance the project. They accompanied the exiles along the way from Acre until Antioch, supplying them with silver, gold and all their needs."

"Meanwhile, the Samaritans went to the Emperor and lied. They said: 'Know, O King, that the Jews are rebelling against you! When they rebuild the Temple, they will cease to pay the royal taxes.`' Hadrian replied, 'What shall I do? I have already authorized the decree!'"

"They responded; 'All you need do is send a message to them saying, 'Change the location of the Temple just a bit - or, add on another five cubits to the site." Then they will withdraw of their own accord.'"

"The whole nation had gathered in the valley of Beit Ramon when the Emperor's edict arrived. They began to wail and cry."

"They considered rebelling against Hadrian, but Rabbi Yehoshua Ben Chananya rose and spoke before them. 'It is enough that we have escaped from these people with our lives,' he said. The Jews dispersed and each man returned to his home." (Bereshit Rabbah 64)

Hope - And Disappointment

This incident shows just how precious and vital the commandment of building the Temple is to the Jewish people - at the very first possible opportunity, they simply packed their bags and made their way from the far-flung corners of their exile to Jerusalem, to build the Temple again.

Another important conclusion we can draw from this story is that their intention was to reconstruct the Temple along the exact lines as the structure of the Second temple. For the King's directive had been to simply change the location a negligible amount from that which is established in halacha, or to introduce a 5 cubit difference in the measurements of the Sanctuary that had previously stood. Yet this was enough to throw them into panic, abandon the building plans and beat a retreat. The ceremonial promise had at first inflated the people with a sense of hope; returning them to their lost sense of honor and appreciation of life... but although the promise was reneged, its consequences were not altogether lost... it was already too late for the Jews to be expected to return to the dull stupor of exile.

Bar Kochba's Rebellion - Towards renewal of Temple Service

One of the results of that massive gathering in Beit Ramon Valley was the rebellion of Bar Kochba. For it was not enough that Hadrian did not keep his word to establish the Temple... he then decided to erect a Roman pagan abomination on the site of the Jew's Holy Temple

The rebellion erupted, with the building of the Temple as its central objective. To make a statement to his fellow Jews about the purpose of the rebellion, one of Bar Kochba's first campaigns was to mint a coin of the renewed kingdom of Israel... and carrying the facade of the Temple in Jerusalem. The second side of this coin depicted the two silver trumpets which were blown in the Temple upon embarking to war.

The fighters gained strength and eventually took control of Jerusalem and vicinity.

Owing to inaccuracies in the reporting of the rebellions' progress found in both Roman testimonies and traditional Jewish sources, it remains unclear whether or not the fighters achieved their objective of even temporarily renewing the Temple service.

The uprising was brutally repelled, but in the course of time the Roman caesars declined and faded until they disappeared. Meanwhile, movement in Israel for rebuilding the Temple only grew deeper and stronger.

Renewed Temple Service in the Era of the Tosafists (12th - 14th Centuries)

Additional attempts were made during the course of the long exile to begin the Temple service, and the following is one incident which deserves to be mentioned among them:

This plan was conceived in the time of the "Tosafists," the French school of Torah scholarship comprised of grandsons and disciples of the great medieval commentator, Rabbi Shlomo Ben Yitzchak, known universally as Rashi. At this time, large numbers of the sages living in France were immigrating to the land of Israel, and one of these men, Rabbi Yechiel of Paris (d. 1268), began making practical preparations for the return of the Jewish people and the resumption of the Temple service. Detailed information about this can be found in the book Kaftor VeFerach (chapter 6), by Rabbi Ashtori HaParchi. In this work, the author discusses some practical questions regarding the Temple with his master, Rabbi Baruch of Jerusalem. For example: the possibility of erecting the Holy Temple when Israel is in a state of impurity; also, if only priests in possession of pedigree documents (which trace their lineage and establish their priesthood beyond any doubt) may perform the service.

In these two important areas, Rabbi Ashtori HaParchi arrived at practical conclusions which are extremely enlightening: Firstly, that it is indeed possible to begin Temple services - even in a state of impurity. His ruling is that congregational sacrifices, meaning those which pertain to the entire nation, take precedence over impurity and override it.

Secondly, with regards to ascertaining the status of the priesthood, he maintains that any individual who has a family tradition as such may proceed to serve in the temple, even if he does not possess a document.

During this period, hundreds of Jewish scholars in France immigrated to the Holy Land; a portion of them settled in Acre while others resided in Jerusalem and other cities. But as a result of ensuing persecutions and decrees against them, the discussions on the possibilities of building were halted, and the movement lost its momentum.

Attempts to Rebuild in Modern Times

In recent times, new-found liberties and freedom for European countries has been accompanied by further practical attempts to reestablish Temple service... for the possibility had been created for the Jewish people to return and renew national life in its own land.

A movement sprang up wherein many of Israel's great scholars began publicizing declarations and publishing books on the subject of resettling the land, arousing public interest and attention around the question of rebuilding the Temple as well. This movement included Rabbi Yehuda Bibas, Rabbi Yehuda Alkalai. Rabbi Zvi Hirsh Kalisher and others.

Rabbi Zvi Hirsh Kalisher, a leading figure in this effort, turned in writing to the greatest Jewish philanthropist of the age - Baron Asher Anshil Rothschild, who commanded the respect of all the world's royalty. R. Kalisher suggested that he offer to purchase the entire land of Israel at a high price from Ibrahim Pasha, King of Egypt, who ruled over the Holy Land at the time. The land itself was barren and desolate. R. Kalisher also suggested an alternative possibility, in the event that the first one should be rejected - to request the minimal purchase of Jerusalem and the Temple Mount. The Rabbi explains at great length, how the renewal of the Temple service will lead to the mass immigration of the Jewish people from the lands of their oppression, resulting eventually in the settlement of the entire land of Israel.

Excerpts from Rabbi Kalisher's Letter to Baron Rothschild Concerning the Purchase of the Temple Mount:

"To His Excellency,

... Since we have merited to these days, when such a great man as His Excellency has been appointed to Jacob, to whom every king stands at attention, perhaps the will of G-d will have success through him. And especially at a time like this, when the Land of Israel is under the dominion of the Pasha... perhaps if his most noble Excellency pays him a handsome sum and purchases for him some other country (in Africa) in exchange for the Holy Land, which is presently small in quantity but great in quality... this money would certainly not be wasted... for when the leaders of Israel are gathered from every corner of the world... and transform it into an inhabited country, the many G-d-fearing and charitable Jews will travel there to take up their residency in the Holy Land under Jewish sovereignty... and be worthy to take up their portion in the offering upon the altar. And if the master (Ibrahim Pasha) does not desire to sell the entire land, then at least he should sell Jerusalem and its environs... or at least the Temple Mount and surrounding areas... so that we many offer to the L-rd our G-d."

In his book D'rishat Zion, Rabbi Kalisher goes to great lengths to prove that the obligation to build the Holy Temple and renew the service applies in every generation, especially at a time when it is more feasible on account of a Jewish presence, with a chance for Jewish government in Jerusalem - as a free nation in her land.

The Future Today

"A time to weep." Rashi states simply: Tish'a b'Av. "A time to build." Rashi quotes from the prophet Amos: "On that day I will raise up the tabernacle of David that is fallen, and repair its breaches; and I will raise up his ruins, and I will build it as in the days of old..."

It may seem odd to quote from Kohelet (Ecclesasties), written by King Solomon, rather than Eicha (Lamentations), written by the prophet Jeremiah, which describes the laying to waste of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar. But the scroll of Kohelet, written by King Solomon, who built the House of G-d, whose loss is commemorated by Eicha, has much to teach us concerning the destruction and rebuilding of the Holy Temple:

"To everything there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the heaven: A time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up that which is planted; A time to kill, and a time to heal; a time to break down, and a time to build up; A time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance; A time to cast away stones, and a time to gather stones together; a time to embrace, and a time to refrain from embracing. A time to get, and a time to lose; a time to keep, and a time to cast away; A time to rend, and a time to sew; a time to keep silence, and a time to speak; A time to love, and a time to hate; a time of war, and a time of peace."

Time is dynamic. Time marks change, and time itself is a vehicle for change. G-d created our world within the dimension of time, and time is what marks the progression of G-d's revelation to man: this is what we call history. The Torah, handed down at Sinai wasn't the final word from G-d, but the first. This is not to say that there are other "Torahs" revealed by G-d at later dates, but quite the opposite. That Torah, the "original" revelation, continues to reveal itself to the people of Israel, through the medium of time. For the Jewish nation, historical time, "chronology", is merely a garment for an inner spiritual time. This revelation of G-d's word through linear time is complemented by another calibration of spiritual time: cyclical time - the Hebrew calendar. The months, weeks and days of the Hebrew calendar don't merely mark historical events that happened once, and are to be commemorated for time immemorial. The pilgrimage festivals as well as the other "appointed days" don't merely remind us of a ritual or tradition we need to perform. They reawaken a spiritual moment and relocate a spiritual place within the Jewish soul. They reopen a window of perception and access to a greater spiritual truth. They rekindle a living and loving relationship between G-d and His people. They reopen an opportunity for repair and refinement, for cleansing and correction of past misdeeds. The holy Sabbath itself, which opens up for its beloved - the Jewish people - every seven days, is not grounded in historical time at all. The source of its blessing derives from the creation of time itself. The holy Sabbath is timeless, and the holiness which permeates and emanates from the Sabbath is timeless by nature, and binds us to a moment beyond moments, a primordial light, which like a heartbeat, pulsates through our very spiritual being.

"To everything there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the heaven." Kohelet comes to teach us that time itself is a tool for change. That if we learn how to grasp time and utilize its potential, we can change our own nature. We can transcend birth and we can transcend death, We can plant, when planting is necessary, and uproot when our spiritual growth calls for uprooting; We kill that which must die within us, and heal that which we need to heal; We break down what needs to be broken, and we build that whose time has come to be built.

The ninth of Av, the commemoration of the destruction of both the first and second temples, of the collapse of the Bar Kochba rebellion, and of later historical tragedies , such as the expulsion of the Jews from Spain, is a date on the Hebrew calendar like any other date on the Hebrew calendar. It contains a spiritual content, as does any other date on the Hebrew calendar, and contains within it the spiritual power to effect tikkun - rectification, repair, like any other date on the Hebrew calendar.

So why do we treat it differently? Why do we relate to the ninth of Av as we might relate to garbage collection day, or an appointment with the dentist, or tax return day. In other words, a day in which we have an obligation, unpleasant though it may be, that we really need to tend to, lest we regret not doing so the morning after. In other words, like a secular day on a secular calendar. The ninth of Av is a sacred day, born into our collective Jewish consciousness on the day that the spies returned to the Israelites in the desert and gave the evil report concerning the land of Israel. A painful day. But nonetheless, a sacred day on a sacred calendar.

The ninth of Av is a sacred day that demands tending to in the most fundamental spiritual level - for bound within the spiritual nature of the ninth of Av is nothing less than the destiny of our own souls. We ignore its potential at our own risk, yet ignore it we do, year after year. We ignore the ninth of Av by faithfully observing it each year. By sitting on the floor, reading kinot, (dirges), and fasting from dusk to dark. Breaking the fast on the evening of the tenth, and going about our business, we are ignoring the ninth of Av, and guaranteeing that it will remain a date fixed in time. A date on which times stands still. A date still born, cut off from its spiritual source, from its potential to heal and effect change.

Mourning, in Jewish custom, is a short-term, transitional activity, intended to allow the mourner to absorb the shock of his loss, come to terms with his new status, spiritually, physically and emotionally, as a result of his loss, and ready himself to move forward after his loss. To be in a state of mourning on a permanent or annual basis would be the antithesis of mourning, as it would confound the process of redefining one's self in light of his loss.

For two thousand years the Jewish people lived in exile. The exile was all encompassing: Jewish political independence was annihilated. The Jew was exiled - physically cut off from his land, emotionally impaired by a permanent reality of impotence, and spiritually crippled by his inability to observe mitzvot on both a personal and national level that were connected to the land of Israel and Jewish sovereignty in the land of Israel. Agricultural laws could not be observed. Civil laws could not be observed. Laws between man and G-d could not be observed. For two thousand years the Jews managed to survive, and even flourish, but only within the self imposed concept of "dalet amot" - four cubits of Jewish law. In other words, the destiny of the Jewish nation was locked into a holding pattern. The linear aspect of Jewish sacred time had stopped. The cyclical aspect of the Hebrew calendar became a vehicle for remembering the past and maintaining the present, at the cost of forgetting the future, either by blocking it out altogether, or by rendering it beyond the influence of the individual or even of the community. In short - change - repair - was rendered unattainable through the actions of man, attainable only through Divine intervention by G-d. Yom Kippur could continue to be a time of spiritual rebirth for the Jews because of the very nature of the holiday - the seasonal timelessness of repentance. Rosh HaShana - the time of judgment - also maintained its spiritual integrity. Holidays such as Pesach. Sukkot and Shavuot necessarily were diminished as they all were, on the one hand rooted in the land of Israel, and on the other hand, pointing toward a historical redemption that had been put on hold. The ninth of Av, perhaps the key to unlocking this exilic stranglehold on the Jewish nation, became enshrined as a day of permanent mourning.

To be sure, the Jew in exile kept his dream alive, and the great sages who shepherded their people through the endless exile did provide the spiritual tools that would manage to keep the window to the future open, if only by a crack. But the Jew, by and large, had become conditioned to be a passive observer of his own, and his nation's fate.

The Zionist movement and the creation of the state of Israel set into motion new forces that began to transport the Jews back toward their future, with a speed and relentlessness that hadn't been felt for two thousand years. History - spiritual change - had begun once again for the Jews. Jewish sovereignty in the land of Israel marked the end of the physical exile of the Jew. A renaissance of Jewish civilization beckoned. But alas, the spiritual exile of the Jew - that the secular Zionists were so zealous to reject - still rested heavy on the heart of every Jew, secular Zionist as well as observant Jew. When G-d granted victory to the Jewish nation in the Six Day War - when the land of Israel in its entirety, including the very heart of G-d's creation - physical as well as spiritual - Jerusalem and Mount Moriah, were returned to Jewish sovereignty, the curtain finally closed on the spiritual exile of the Jewish people.

So why do we still observe the ninth of Av as a day of mourning, some thirty eight years after the liberation of the site of the Holy Temple? The miracle of 1967 caught the Jewish nation off guard, unprepared. Unprepared spiritually, emotionally, and certainly in terms of practical knowledge of where and how to begin the renewal of the daily offering and the rebuilding of the Holy Temple. The knowledge existed in the very books that G-d fearing Jews studied every day, but these chapters containing the necessary information went unread. The 2000 year exile had taken its toll. The daily expectation of a quick end to the exile and a return to an earlier historical splendor which had carried the Jews through the long exile still remained deep in their hearts, but years of despair and despondency had placed that hope beyond the reach of readiness to act upon it when the historical opportunity presented itself. In the aftermath of the capture and liberation of the Temple Mount, and in light of the lack of readiness with which the nation of Israel was caught, 2000 years of yearning soon turned into fear: the secular Zionist political leadership of Israel feared the responsibility of being sovereign over the Temple Mount. They feared Arab/Moslem reaction to Jewish mastery over the Mount, and they feared the growing calls by their fellow Jews for a renewed Jewish presence on the Mount. Many observant Jews also feared the Mount. 

Centuries of yearning and praying for the return of the Holy Temple had manifested intellectually and emotionally as a perception that the Holy Temple no longer remained attainable in the realm of history, through the labors of the Jewish nation, as it had been during the times of both the first and second temples, but that it had become consigned to the end of time, the messianic era. This particular school of thought captured the souls of many Jews. On a purely psychological, or perhaps, physiological level, another truth was making itself known: people do not like change, and building the Holy Temple means changing everything. Not the least of those changes is the spiritual focus of the Jewish people, and this was perhaps the most difficult thing for the religious Jew to contend with. So a type of "collaboration" was engaged between the secular political leaders of Israel, and many of the rabbinical leaders, the purpose of which was to render the Temple Mount, and naturally, the Holy Temple itself, off limits to the Jews. Remarkably, for a people which had so diligently recorded every aspect of the life of the nation when it was centered around the Holy Temple, these rabbis - men of knowledge - who at their fingertips had recourse to every strand of knowledge necessary to begin the renewal of the Divine service - pleaded ignorance. And with that ignorance they locked the gate and drew a curtain over the Temple Mount.

But there did exist Jews who did not, could not accept this decision. These Jews saw the liberation of the Temple Mount as a heavenly summons for the Jews to return to their history, to fulfill their destiny as had been decreed thousands of years earlier by the prophets of the G-d of Israel. For these Jews, their religion wasn't a convenience, or an immutable way of life - it was a calling to perform the commandments as G-d had commanded them - and to create a dwelling place for G-d, here - on earth. Squeezed out politically by their observant and non-observant brethren, these Jews have had to go it alone. Reviving and restoring an entire body of knowledge, they have succeeded in bringing the future of the Temple Mount and the Holy Temple to the forefront of the Jewish experience. An awareness of the historical inevitability and the spiritual necessity of the Third Temple has reentered the consciousness of the Jewish people: A growing understanding that the fate of the political state of Israel as well as the spiritual nation of Israel is intrinsically bound to what will be on the Temple Mount, in a way no less profound than was the binding of Yitzchak by his father Avraham on Mount Moriah, at the dawn of Jewish history some 3,800 years ago. As more Jews are opening their hearts to the Holy Temple, those who have yet to be swayed have grown that much more fearful. And as a result of that fear, the oppression has grown harsher. 

Access to the Temple Mount by individuals has grown more prohibitive and often demeaning. Any outward acts of prayer are forbidden. Any talk of a change in the status of the Mount to accommodate the free spiritual expression of Jews in their holiest of places on earth, is met with hostility. But the movement of Jews back into the history of their people is a growing tide that cannot be stemmed. A great responsibility has been returned to our hands. The keys that the priests returned to the safekeeping of heaven on that terrible 9th of Av 1,941 years ago have been thrust back into our hands. G-d has entrusted us with our our fate - and with His future - as it were - on this earth. We must understand that the fast days of our times are the very last fast days to be. We have been blessed with the ability to make this happen. We have been entrusted with the responsibility to see to it that it happens. The days of mourning the destruction of the second Temple have ended. The days of mourning our own lethargy regarding the Third Temple will soon be over. The time has arrived to effect the tikkun - the repair - and to establish the 9th of Av as a day of rejoicing forever. The choice is ours - if only we close ranks, and unite to make it happen.